Ahmad III
Ahmad III (usmonli turkcha: احمد ثالث, Ahmad-i s ali s; 1673-yil 30-dekabr – 1736-yil 1-iyul) Usmonlilar imperiyasining sultoni va Mehmed IV (hukmronligi 1648–1687)ning oʻgʻli. Uning onasi asli Evmaniya Voria ismli, etnik yunon Gulnush Sulton edi[1][2][3][4]. Dobruja shahridagi Hajioglu Pazarcıkda tugʻilgan. 1703-yilda ukasi Mustafo II (1695—1703) taxtdan voz kechishi bilan taxtga oʻtirdi[5]. Nevshehirli Damat Ibrohim Posho va Sultonning qizi Fatma Sulton 1718-yildan 1730-yilgacha hukumatni boshqargan, bu davr Lola davri deb ataladi.
| Ahmad III | |
|---|---|
| آحمد ثالث, Âhmed-i sâlis | |
 | |
| Tavalludi |
30-dekabr 1673-yil |
| Vafoti |
1-iyun 1736-yil (62 yoshda) Istanbul, Usmonlilar imperiyasi |
| Fuqaroligi | Usmonli imperiyasi |
| Bolalari |
Mustafo III Abdulhamid I |
| Otasi | Mehmed IV |
| Onasi | Gulnush Sulton |
| Imzosi | |
 | |
U Edirne saroyida oʻsgan. Uning maktab oʻqishi saroyning Istanbulga vaqti-vaqti bilan tashrif buyurishi paytida, 1679 yil 9 avgustda Istavroz saroyida boʻlib oʻtgan bad-i basmala deb nomlangan saroy marosimidan keyin boshlangan. U Edirnadagi imperator haramida anʼanaviy taʼlimga ega boʻlib, shaxsiy oʻqituvchilar nazorati ostida Qurʼon, hadislar, islom ilmlari, tarixi, sheʼriyat va musiqa asoslarini oʻrgangan[6]. Uning tarbiyachilaridan biri bosh muftiy Feyzulloh afandi edi[7].
Ahmad III hukmronligining dastlabki kunlarida yanichalarni tinchlantirish uchun katta harakatlar qilindi. Ammo Ahmadning uni sultonlikka koʻtargan yanichalar bilan muomala qilishdagi samaradorligi cheklangan edi. Ahmad tayinlagan vazir Chorlulu Ali Posho maʼmuriy ishlarda qimmatli yordam berdi va xazina uchun yangi chora-tadbirlarni amalga oshirdi. U raqib guruhlarga qarshi kurashda Ahmadni qoʻllab-quvvatladi va hukumat barqarorligini taʼminladi. Ahmad jonkuyar kitobxon, xattotlikda mohir, tarix va sheʼriyatdan xabardor edi[8].
Manbalar
tahrir- ↑ Freely, John. The lost Messiah. Viking, 2001 — 132-bet. ISBN 0-670-88675-0. „He set up his harem there, his favourite being Rabia Giilniis Ummetiillah, a Greek girl from Rethymnon on Crete“
- ↑ Bromley, J. S.. The New Cambridge Modern History. University of California: University Press, 1957 — 554-bet. ISBN 0-521-22128-5. „the mother of Mustafa II and Ahmed III was a Greek“
- ↑ Sardo, Eugenio Lo. Tra greci e turchi: fonti diplomatiche italiane sul Settecento ottomano. Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, 1999 — 82-bet. ISBN 88-8080-014-0. „Their mother, a Greek, lady named Rabia Gülnûş, continued to wield influence as the Valide sultan - mother of the reigning sultan“
- ↑ Library Information and Research Service. The Middle East. Library Information and Research Service, 2005 — 91-bet. „She was the daughter of a Greek family and she was the mother of Mustafa II (1664–1703), and Ahmed III (1673–1736).“
- ↑ Andoza:EB1911
- ↑ Keskiner 2012.
- ↑ Hathaway, Jane. The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Harem: From African Slave to Power-Broker. Cambridge University Press, August 30, 2018 — 133-bet. ISBN 978-1-107-10829-5.
- ↑ Baker, Anthony E. The Bosphorus. Redhouse Press, 1993 — 146-bet. ISBN 975-413-062-0. „The Valide Sultan was born Evmania Voria, daughter of a Greek priest in a village near Rethymnon on Crete. She was captured by the Turks when they took Rethymnon in 1645.“