Barid

Barīd (arabcha: بريد, koʻpincha „pochta xizmati“ deb tarjima qilinadi) – Umaviylar, keyinchalik Abbosiylar xalifaligida hukumat tomonidan boshqariladigan pochta xizmati. Ilk islom davridagi muhim tashkilotlardan biri boʻlgan barīd nafaqat xalifalik boʻylab rasmiy xat-hujjatlarning yetkazilishini taʼminlagan, balki ichki aygʻoqchilik agentligi sifatida ham faoliyat yuritgan. Bu esa xalifalarga viloyatlardagi voqealar va amaldorlarning faoliyati haqida maʼlumot bergan.

Tarixi

Musulmonlarning barid tashkiloti ulardan oldin hukmronlik qilgan Vizantiya imperiyasi va Sosoniylarning pochta tizimlariga asoslangan boʻlishi mumkin. Qadim zamonlardan beri Yaqin Sharqda pochta tizimlari mavjud boʻlib, bunday tashkilotlar islomdan oldingi bir qancha davlatlarda faoliyat yuritgan. Yoʻllar boʻyida yashovchi aholini u yerdan oʻtib ketayotgan askarlar va amaldorlarning yuklarini tashishga majburlash yoki Ptolemeylar davrida Misrda boʻlgani kabi davlat xizmatlari uchun yuk tashuvchi hayvonlardan foydalanish anʼanasi Ahamoniylar imperiyasi davridan beri mavjud boʻlgan va IV asrda Rim qonunchiligi tomonidan kuchga kiritilgan.

Adabiyotlar

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• Sourdel, D. (1960). "Barid". in Gibb, H. A. R.. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume I: A–B (2nd nashri). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 1045–1046 b. OCLC 495469456. http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/barid-SIM_1233. 
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