Mirabay

Mirabay^[1] nomi bilan mashhur boʻlgan va Sant Meerabai hurmatga sazovor boʻlgan. U 1498-yilda tug'ilgan. 1547-yilda vafot etadi. Meera 16-asrda yashagan hindu tasavvuf shoiri va Krishnaning dindori edi. U mashhur Bhakti avliyosi, ayniqsa Shimoliy Hindiston hindu an'analarida.^[2]^[3]

Mirabai Kudki shahrida hozirgi Rajasthanning Pali tumani Rathore Rajput qirollik oilasida tug'ilgan va bolaligini Mertada o'tkazgan. U Bhaktamalda tilga olinadi, bu uning mil.avv.1600-yillarda mashhurligi va Bhakti harakati madaniyatida qadrli shaxs ekanligini tasdiqlaydi.^[4]^[5]

Mirabay afsonalarda uning ijtimoiy va oilaviy anjumanlarga qo'rqmasligi, Krishnaga bo'lgan sadoqati, Krishnaga o'z eridek ko'rar edi va diniy sadoqati uchun qaynona-qaynota tomonidan zilm ko'rganligi haqida so'z boradi. U ko'plab xalq ertaklari va xagiografik afsonalarning mavzusi ular bir-biriga mos kelmaydigan yoki tafsilotlari jihatidan juda farq qiladi. ^[6]

Biografiya

Rajastan, Chittor qal'asidagi Krishna uchun Meera ibodatxonasi

Mirabay haqida haqiqiy ma'lumotlar yo'q va olimlar Meeraning tarjimai holini uning sanasi va boshqa lahzalari eslatib o'tilgan 2-darajali adabiyotlardan aniqlashga harakat qilishdi. Meera 1516-yilda Mevarning valiahd shahzodasi Bxoj Rajga istamagan holda turmushga chiqdi^[7]^[8] Uning turmush o'rtog'i 1518-yilda Dehli sultonligi bilan davom etayotgan urushlardan birida yaralangan va 1521-yilda jangovar jarohatlardan vafot etgan. Uning otasi ham, qaynotasi ham ( Rana Sanga ) birinchi Mug‘al imperatori Boburga qarshi Xanva jangida mag‘lubiyatga uchraganidan bir necha kun o‘tib vafot etgan.

She'riyat

Meeraning aksariyat she'rlari Krishna (chapda) shaklida Xudoga bag'ishlangan bo'lib, uni Qorong'u yoki Tog'ni ko'taruvchi deb ataydi. Ba'zi Meera qo'shiqlariga Krishnani sevuvchi Radha (o'ngda) kiradi. Uning barcha she’rlarida falsafiy mazmun bor.^[9]

Meera Bayning ko'plab kompozitsiyalari bugungi kunda Hindistonda, asosiy bag'ishlangan qo'shiqlar ( bhajanlar ) sifatida kuylashda davom etmoqda, garchi ularning deyarli barchasi falsafiy ma'noga ega edi.^[10] Uning eng mashhur kompozitsiyalaridan biri " Paayoji maine Naam Ratan dhan paayo " bo'lib qolmoqda. Mirabayraning she'rlari Rajasthan tilida lirik padalar (metrik misralar) dir.^[11] Minglab oyatlar unga tegishli bo'lsa-da, olimlar ularning qanchasini Meeraning o'zi yozganligi haqida turlicha fikrda.^[12] Uning she'riyatining o'z davridan saqlanib qolgan qo'lyozmalari yo'q va unga ikkita she'r yozilgan eng qadimgi yozuvlar 18-asr boshlarida, u Dvarka ibodatxonasidagi Dvarkadxish haykaliga botganidan keyin 150 yildan ko'proq vaqt o'tgach.^[13]

Mirabay kompozitsiyalari

Raag Govind
Govind Tika
Raag Soratha
Meera Ki Malhar
Mira Padavali
Narsi ji Ka Mayara
Sanson Ki Mala Pe

Yana qarang

Andal
Akka Mahadevi
Bhajan

Adabiyotlar

↑ „Mira Bai“. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2018-yil 4-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 30-iyul.
↑ Karen Pechelis (2004), The Graceful Guru, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195145373, pages 21-23, 29-30
↑ Neeti Sadarangani (2004), Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact, Sarup & Sons, ISBN 978-8176254366, pages 76-80
↑ Catherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot (2006), India before Europe, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521809047, page 109
↑ Annals And Antiquities Of Rajasthan Vol. 1 Page no. 75
↑ Nancy Martin-Kershaw (2014), Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India (Editor: Mandakranta Bose), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195352771, pages 162-178
↑ Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 12-13
↑ Nancy Martin-Kershaw (2014), Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India (Editor: Mandakranta Bose), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195352771, page 165
↑ Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195148923, page 244
↑ Subramanian, VK. Mystic songs of Meera (in Hindi and English). Abhinav publications, 1 February 2005. ISBN 8170174589. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 23-noyabr.
↑ Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 16-17
↑ „Meera ke bhajan (Hindi)“. www.hindividya.com. Hindi Vidya (2016-yil 10-iyun). 2018-yil 23-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 23-noyabr.
↑ John Stratton Hawley (2002), Asceticism (Editors: Vincent Wimbush, Richard Valantasi), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195151381, pages 301-302

Havolalar

Mīrabāī va uning Bhakti Harakatiga qo'shgan hissalari, SM Pandey va Norman Zide (1965), Dinlar tarixi, jild. 5, № 1, 54–73-betlar
Rajastandagi Mirabai, Parita Mukta (1989)
Musiqa nazariyasi sinfida feministik va g'arbiy bo'lmagan istiqbollar: Jon Xarbisonning "Mirabai qo'shiqlari, Emi Karr-Richardson (2002), Kollej musiqasi simpoziumi, 42-jild, 20–36-betlar) o'rganish.
Krishnasiz qo'shiq yo'q, Devid Kinsli (1972), Dinlar tarixi, jild. 12, No 2, 149-180-betlar
"Tilning shirinligi bilan": Rajasthandagi ayol sadhusning og'zaki hayotidagi burch, taqdir va sadoqat, Antuanetta E. DeNapoli (2009), Osiyo etnologiyasi, jild. 68, № 1, 81–109-betlar

[brit1-1] „Mira Bai“. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2018-yil 4-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 30-iyul.

[2] Karen Pechelis (2004), The Graceful Guru, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195145373, pages 21-23, 29-30

[3] Neeti Sadarangani (2004), Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact, Sarup & Sons, ISBN 978-8176254366, pages 76-80

[asher-4] Catherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot (2006), India before Europe, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521809047, page 109

[5] Annals And Antiquities Of Rajasthan Vol. 1 Page no. 75

[nancy-6] Nancy Martin-Kershaw (2014), Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India (Editor: Mandakranta Bose), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195352771, pages 162-178

[usha13-7] Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 12-13

[8] Nancy Martin-Kershaw (2014), Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India (Editor: Mandakranta Bose), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195352771, page 165

[9] Edwin Bryant (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195148923, page 244

[10] Subramanian, VK. Mystic songs of Meera (in Hindi and English). Abhinav publications, 1 February 2005. ISBN 8170174589. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 23-noyabr.

[usha17-11] Usha Nilsson (1997), Mira bai, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-8126004119, pages 16-17

[12] „Meera ke bhajan (Hindi)“. www.hindividya.com. Hindi Vidya (2016-yil 10-iyun). 2018-yil 23-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 23-noyabr.

[hawley-13] John Stratton Hawley (2002), Asceticism (Editors: Vincent Wimbush, Richard Valantasi), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195151381, pages 301-302

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