Qisqa davrli kometalar roʻyxati

Davriy kometalar (qisqa davrli kometalar deb ham ataladi) – orbital davrlari 200 yildan kam boʻlgan yoki bir perigeliyadan koʻproq oʻtish paytida kuzatilgan kometalardir (masalan , 153P/Ikeya-Chjan). „Davriy kometa“ baʼzan davriy orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa maʼnosida ham ishlatiladi, hatto davri 200 yildan ortiq boʻlsa ham.

Davriy kometalar, odatda, ikkinchi perigeliyani oʻtishdan keyin doimiy raqam prefiksini oladi, shuning uchun P/2005 T5 (Broughton) kabi bir qator raqamlanmagan davriy kometalar mavjud. Bir perigeliyani oʻtganidan keyin kuzatilmaydigan yoki yoʻqolgan deb taxmin qilingan kometalarga D belgisi beriladi, shuningdek davriy raqam berilgan va keyinchalik yoʻqolgan kometalar ham 3D kabi [n]P oʻrniga [n]D beriladi, 3D/Biela yoki 5D/Brorsen kabi.

Deyarli barcha holatlarda kometalar oʻzlarining kashfiyotchilari sharafiga nomlanadi, biroq 2P/Encke va 27P/Crommelin kabi baʼzi hollarda ular orbitalarini hisoblab chiqqan qurilma (orbita kompyuterlari) nomiga atalgan. Kometalarning uzoq muddatli orbitalarini hisoblash qiyin, chunki maʼlum boʻlgan traektoriyadagi xatolar sayyoralardan tebranishlar bilan toʻplanadi, elektron kompyuterlardan oldingi davrlarda baʼzi olimlar butun hayotlarini shunga bagʻishlashgan. Shunga qaramay, juda koʻp kometalar yoʻqolgan, chunki ularning orbitalari tortishish kuchidan tashqari boshqa unsurlardan ham taʼsirlangan, masalan, gaz va kometa dumini hosil qiluvchi boshqa moddalarning chiqishi.

Davriy kometalar baʼzan bir xil nom bilan atalgan (masalan, toʻqqizta Shoemaker-Levi kometasi yoki yigirma toʻrtta NEAT kometasi); XAI tizimi ularni raqam prefiksi yoki toʻliq belgilash orqali ajratadi (masalan, 181P va 192P/Shoemaker–Levy ikkalasi ham „Kometa Shoemaker–Levy“). Adabiyotda davriy kometalarga norasmiy raqamlash tizimi qoʻllanadi (davriy boʻlmaganlarni oʻtkazib yuboradi), shuning uchun 181P va 192P mos ravishda Shoemaker-Levy 6 va Comet Shoemaker-Levy 1 deb nomlanadi. Davriy boʻlmagan Shoemaker-Levy kometalari quyidagi ketma-ketlikda qoʻyilgan: C/1991 B1 2 va 3 orasida, C/1991 T2 5 va 6 orasida, C/1993 K1 va C/1994 E2Shoemaker-Levy 9 dan keyin.

Kometa nomenklaturasida „ /“ dan oldingi harf „C“ (davriy boʻlmagan kometa), „P“ (davriy kometa), „D“ (yoʻqolgan yoki parchalangan kometa), „X“ (aniq orbitasini hisoblab boʻlmaydigan kometa – odatda tarixiy kometa) lar qoʻllanadi. „I“ yoki „A“ yulduzlararo obyekt yoki notoʻgʻri kometa sifatida aniqlangan, lekin aslida kichik sayyora boʻlgan ob’ekt uchun ishlatiladi, yoki giperbolik orbitadagi kometalar faolligini koʻrsatmaydigan obyekt uchun ham shu harflardan foydalaniladi. Baʼzi roʻyxatlarda „C“ prefiksi kometalarning qaytishi tasdiqlanmaguncha taxminan 30 yildan kattaroq davrlar uchun saqlanadi.

Yupiter oilasiga mansub raqamsiz kometalari roʻyxati

Yupiter oilasi kometalari rasman 2 < T Yupiter < 3 bilan aniqlangan boʻlsa-da, ular 20 yildan kamroq muddatga ega boʻlgan, nisbatan past moyillik va Yupiternikiga toʻgʻri keladigan orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa sifatida ham erkin taʼriflanishi mumkin. Bu kometalar koʻpincha yaxshi kuzatilmayadi, chunki sayyora bilan orbital oʻzaro taʼsir koʻpincha kometalarning orbitalarini bezovta qiladi, bu esa ularni osmonda kutilgan holatda topilmasligiga va keyinchalik yoʻqolishiga olib keladi. Bundan tashqari, ularning past kotarali albedolari va Oort bulutiga nisbatan Quyoshga tez-tez yaqinliklari kometalar ularning uchuvchi moddalarni tezroq yoʻq boʻlishiga olib keladi, bu ularni uzoqroq orbital davrlarga ega boʻlgan kometalarga qaraganda nisbatan xiraroq koʻrinishiga olib keladi.

Kometa belgisi	Nomi	Eksantriklik	Katta yarim oʻq (AU)	Orbital davr (yil)	Nishab (°)	Perigeliy (AU)	Mutlaq kattalik	Oxirgi perigeliysi	Keyingi kuzatilmagan perigeliy
X/1979 O3	Kowal	0.33	3.09	5.44	1.75	2.07	15.8	1979/07/26	1985
X/1981 R1	Stattmayer	0.26	2.45	3.84	11.00	1.28	13.4	1981/08/18	1986
3200 Phaeton	IRAS	0.88990215	1.271205253	1.43	22.245786	0.13995697	14.6	2020/12/07	2022/05/15
X/1991 G1	Meyer	0.44	2.41	3.73	5.96	1.36	18.7	1991/04/11	1995
P/2012 T2	PANSTARRS	0.159	5.735	13.73	12.562	4.823	10.2	2013/04/10	2026/12/31
P/2012 T3	PANSTARRS	0.602	5.990	14.66	9.51	2.39	14.8	2012/04/15	2026/12/24
P/2012 U2	PANSTARRS	0.50657	7.3522	19.94	10.5345	3.6278	12.1	2012/12/04	2032/11/12
P/2013 A2	Scotti	0.45584	4.0014	8	3.3661	2.17739	16	2021/02/07	2029/02/24
P/2013 G1	Kowalski	0.51237	6.8765	18.03	5.46867	3.353099	10.3	2013/12/10	2031/12/21
P/2013 G4	PANSTARRS	0.4104	4.432	9.33	5.926	2.6132	15.1	2013/02/09	2022/06/09
P/2013 J2	McNaught	0.656146	6.24634	15.61	15.49553	2.147828	10.8	2013/08/22	2029/04/02
P/2013 N5	PANSTARRS	0.7319	6.801	17.74	23.2425	1.82305	14.7	2013/07/02	2031/03/29
P/2013 O2	PANSTARRS	0.43894	3.82491	7.48	13.30706	2.1401	13.1	2021/06/09	2028/10/13
P/2013 R3	Catalina-PANSTARRS	0.27345	3.03293	5.28	0.89893	2.20358	6.4	2013/08/05	2018/11/15
P/2013 R3-A	Catalina-PANSTARRS	0.2733	3.0327	5.28	0.898	2.2038		2013/08/05	2018/11/15
P/2013 R3-B	Catalina-PANSTARRS	0.2733	3.0327	5.28	0.8996	2.2038		2013/08/05	2018/11/15
P/2013 T1	PANSTARRS	0.6233	5.867	14.21	24.21	2.2105	16.6	2013/07/31	2027/10/16
P/2013 T2	Schwartz	0.52849	3.3926	6.25	9.3521	1.59962	14.4	2013/06/20	2020/09/19
P/2013 W1	PANSTARRS	0.59388	3.4857	6.51	4.69951	1.415614	16.5	2014/03/08	2020/09/11
P/2014 A2	Hill	0.64983	5.9248	14.42	24.5135	2.07468	13.4	2013/10/28	2027/03/30
P/2014 A3	PANSTARRS	0.242	4.6796	10.12	13.6706	3.547	12.5	2013/04/18	2023/06/01
P/2014 C1	TOTAS	0.446	3.043	5.31	2.6796	1.6857	15.6	2013/12/18	2019/04/10
P/2014 E1	Larson	0.423184	3.71198	7.15	15.97916	2.141133	14.5	2021/07/16	2028/10/02
P/2014 L2	NEOWISE	0.646763	6.32589	15.91	5.18441	2.234541	8.6	2014/07/15	2030/06/15
P/2014 M4	PANSTARRS	0.59557	5.8139	14.02	3.34519	2.3513	13.1	2014/12/27	2029/01/02
P/2014 R5	Lemmon-PANSTARRS	0.4128	4.0634	8.19	1.0881	2.3859	13.1	2014/06/17	2022/08/25
P/2014 U4	PANSTARRS	0.4711	3.4853	6.51	6.4571	1.8434	15.4	2014/08/03	2020/02/05
P/2014 V1	PANSTARRS	0.4	4	8	23	2.6	13.4	2014/12/18	2023
P/2014 W4	PANSTARRS	0.35312	6.5877	16.91	15.2738	4.26150	6.1	2015/12/29	2032/11/26
P/2015 C1	TOTAS-Gibbs	0.56256	6.6126	17.00	13.8774	2.89264	12.8	2015/05/01	2032/05/01
C/2015 D1	SOHO	0.9943	4.9	11	69.62	0.02832	14.7	2015/02/19	2026
P/2015 D6	Lemmon-PANSTARRS	0.3696	7.239	19.48	20.1839	4.5637	11.0	2015/07/13	2035/01/03
P/2015 F1	PANSTARRS	0.27825	3.52142	6.61	2.80440	2.54160	12.2	2021/10/22	2028/06/15
P/2015 J3	NEOWISE	0.55404	3.3503	6.13	8.1252	3.3503	15.9	2021/04/19	2027/05/21
P/2015 K5	PANSTARRS	0.5540	6.694	17.32	39.987	2.9861	13.7	2015/06/06	2032/09/30
P/2015 M2	PANSTARRS	0.17896	7.2017	19.33	3.9741	5.9128	8.2	2015/08/31	2024/12/29
P/2015 P4	PANSTARRS	0.58424	6.0736	14.97	8.71375	2.52516	6.5	2016/01/19	2031/01/08
C/2015 R1	PANSTARRS	0.63286	5.8982	14.32	22.6683	2.16545	13.4	2015/06/25	2030/01/04
P/2015 R2	PANSTARRS	0.440	4.36	9.1	14.8	2.44	15.8	2015/06/19	2021/07/29
P/2015 T3	PANSTARRS	0.43	3.9	7.7	12.2	2.21	15.0	2015/03/12	2023
P/2015 W2	Catalina	0.63411	7.3200	19.80	11.6113	2.67834	13.7	2015/09/30	2035/07/19
P/2015 X1	PANSTARRS	0.42039	3.6292	6.91	12.1622	2.10355	16.3	2015/10/10	2022/09/07
P/2015 X3	PANSTARRS	0.4382	5.024	11.26	24.38	2.822	14.5	2015/08/07	2026/11/09
P/2015 X6	PANSTARRS	0.1700	2.756	4.57	4.5583	2.2873	16.1	2016/03/18	2020/07/08
P/2016 A2	Christensen	0.274	4.75	10.34	26.8	3.45	12.1	2015/06/16	2025/10/19
P/2016 A7	PANSTARRS	0.56662	5.0225	11.26	16.6374	2.17665	7.3	2016/02/25	2027/05/31
P/2016 G1	PANSTARRS	0.21003	2.58322	4.15	10.9685	2.04068	14.7	2017/01/26	2021/03/21
P/2016 J1-A	PANSTARRS	0.228265	3.17209	5.65	14.33019	2.44801	16.5	2016/06/24	2022/02/16
P/2016 J1-B	PANSTARRS	0.228231	3.17201	5.65	14.3312	2.44806	16.8	2016/06/24	2022/02/16
P/2016 J3	STEREO	0.8803526	3.902604	7.71	25.32992	0.467	13.3	2016/05/21	2024/02/05
P/2016 R4	Gibbs	0.47506	5.3350	12.32	10.8621	2.80052	13.1	2016/07/20	2028/11/13
P/2017 B4	PANSTARRS	0.360	4.37	9.1	19.9	2.80	14.6	2017/01/21	2026/05/06
P/2017 D1	Fuls	0.44033	4.80244	10.52	20.7326	2.688	13.4	2016/06/28	2027/01/06
P/2017 K3	Gasparovic	0.58125	5.574272	13.16	4.27872	2.3342	14.6	2017/05/31	2030/07/29
P/2017 R1	PANSTARRS	0.195005	4.1325	8.40	2.57265	3.32669	13.9	2017/04/07	2025/09/01
P/2017 S8	PANSTARRS	0.393696	2.77621	4.63	29.85994	1.68322	14.8	2018/01/28	2022/09/13
P/2017 S9	PANSTARRS	0.30457	3.15659	5.61	14.1380	2.19518	16.8	2017/07/23	2023/03/03
P/2017 U3	PANSTARRS	0.0997	4.936	10.97	15.909	4.444	11.1	2019/04/22	2030/04/09
P/2018 A4	PANSTARRS	0.7818	10.974	36.35	3.1423	2.395	6.9	2018/05/19	2054
P/2018 A5	PANSTARRS	0.5230	5.648	13.42	23.577	2.694	13.9	2017/09/23	2031
P/2018 C1	Lemmon-Read	0.5345	5.577	13.17	5.1350	2.596	13.9	2018/02/24	2031
P/2018 H2	PANSTARRS	0.5398	4.405	9.25	7.389	2.027	15.4	2018/01/23	2027
P/2018 L1	PANSTARRS	0.4822	3.642	6.95	10.588	1.886	14.6	2018/11/12	2025
P/2018 L4	PANSTARRS	0.6598	4.928	10.94	26.619	1.676	8.9	2018/07/31	2029
P/2018 L5	Leonard	0.363355	3.61815	6.88	2.209	2.3035	6.8	2018/05/04	2025
P/2018 P3	PANSTARRS	0.4168	3.01577	5.24	8.91257	1.759	17.8	2018/10/08	2024
P/2018 P4	PANSTARRS	0.449	6.656	17.17	23.108	3.6664	12.1	2018/11/06	2036
C/2018 P5	PANSTARRS	0.6405	12.72968	45.42	7.2568	4.576	6.5	2019/02/26	2064
P/2018 V5	Trujillo-Sheppard	0.475	8.961	26.83	10.58	4.71	8.5	2018/10/03	2045
P/2018 Y2	Africano	0.4791	7.4765	20.44	11.687	3.8946	11	2019/01/02	2039
P/2019 A1	PANSTARRS	0.5689	5.1307	11.62	13.744	2.2117	13.7	2018/10/11	2030
P/2019 A2	ATLAS	0.3820	5.7331	13.73	14.856	3.543	10.8	2018/11/21	2032
P/2019 A3	PANSTARRS	0.2648	3.1471	5.58	15.366	2.3134	14.9	2018/08/01	2024
P/2019 A4	PANSTARRS	0.0896	2.6135	4.23	13.3190	2.3794	15.4	2018/12/05	2023
P/2019 A6	Lemmon – PANSTARRS	0.6392	5.3725	12.45	33.2283	1.9385	14.5	2018/08/29	2031
P/2019 A8	PANSTARRS	0.4387	3.3544	6.14	2.9667	1.8828	13.6	2018/09/02	2024
P/2019 B2	Groeller	0.3729	3.8534	7.56	16.8287	2.4165	6.6	2019/06/08	2026
P/2019 F2	ATLAS	0.8651	16.5508	67.33	19.1874	2.2328	6.2	2019/09/08	2086
P/2019 M2	ATLAS	0.6485	3.026	5.26	12.2820	1.0634	21.2	2019/06/22	2024
P/2019 S2	PANSTARRS	0.2067	4.733	10.30	10.4730	3.7553	13.1	2019/02/20	2029
P/2019 S3	PANSTARRS	0.4706	3.413	6.31	8.692	1.8067	17.9	2019/08/26	2025
P/2019 T6	PANSTARRS	0.6235	5.454	12.74	18.7574	2.0534	15.7	2019/11/08	2032
P/2019 U4	PANSTARRS	0.4752	3.520	6.60	11.6923	1.8471	18.6	2019/09/18	2026
P/2019 W1	PANSTARRS	0.2660	4.550	9.71	23.4619	3.3399	13.2	2019/05/07	2029
P/2019 X1	Pruyne	0.3026	6.174	15.34	10.2465	4.3055	10.3	2019/07/20	2034
P/2019 X2	PANSTARRS	0.4993	3.643	6.95	15.8816	1.8241	18.1	2019/12/09	2026
P/2019 Y3	Catalina	0.6956	2.996	5.19	24.634	0.91196	19.2	2019/12/13	2025
P/2020 G1	Pimentel	0.8596	3.603	6.84	18.4727	0.5058	18.7	2020/03/17	2027
P/2020 K9	Lemmon-PANSTARRS	0.3221	4.204	8.62	23.2026	2.8495	12.3	2021/02/12	2029
P/2020 M1	PANSTARRS	0.4770	5.087	11.47	8.6328	2.6609	10.1	2019/12/21	2031
P/2020 O1	Lemmon-PANSTARRS	0.1199	2.647	4.31	5.2235	2.3284	15.9	2020/05/03	2024
P/2020 O3	PANSTARRS	0.1061	4.662	10.07	8.4428	4.1674	12.3	2021/01/26	2031
P/2020 Q2	PANSTARRS	0.5055	10.923	36.10	5.4018	3.3100	10.9	2020/02/07	2056
P/2020 R5	PANSTARRS	0.3145	4.9788	11.11	11.4543	3.4130	7.5	2020/05/28	2031
P/2020 S1	PANSTARRS	0.5072	59.811	14.63	13.7349	2.9473	17.5	2021/01/16	2038
P/2020 S5	PANSTARRS	0.3383	4.0482	8.15	12.3542	2.6787	14.7	2020/08/08	2028
P/2020 S6	Leonard	0.4790	3.599	6.83	15.4597	1.8748	9.0	2020/11/23	2027
P/2020 S7	PANSTARRS	0.4106	5.0238	11.26	16.0922	2.9610	14.6	2020/11/18	2032
P/2020 T3	PANSTARRS	0.5915	3.5168	6.60	7.296	1.4366	13.2	2021/01/20	2027
P/2020 U2	PANSTARRS	0.5105	3.777	7.34	6.421	1.849	9.2	2020/12/25	2028
P/2020 W1	Rankin	0.2649	7.193	19.29	10.792	5.288	10.4	2020/04/04	2039
P/2020 X1	ATLAS	0.3641	4.5186	9.61	31.6672	2.873	12.5	2020/07/21	2030
P/2020 X2	ATLAS	0.7663	16.3789	66.29	18.1917	3.829	10.5	2020/11/15	2087
P/2021 A5	PANSTARRS	0.1398	3.047	5.32	18.188	2.6209	15.0	2020/11/11	2026
P/2021 L2	Leonard	0.5218	4.053	8.16	21.069	1.939	15.8	2021/07/24	2029
P/2021 L4	PANSTARRS	0.1187	3.165	5.63	16.962	2.789	13.8	2019/09/04	2025
P/2021 N1	ZTF	0.6768	2.977	5.84	11.506	0.962	17.8	2021/06/06	2026
P/2021 N2	Fuls	0.4524	6.933	18.26	13.063	3.797	8.6	2021/11/13	2039
P/2021 P3	PANSTARRS	0.3405	4.4216	9.298	27.156	2.916	4.9	2021/05/31	2030
P/2021 Q5	ATLAS	0.6242	3.285	5.955	10.734	1.235	15.8	2021/08/30	2027
P/2021 R3	PANSTARRS	0.3319	3.7804	7.35	19.933	2.526	18.2	2021/05/27	2028
P/2021 R4	Wierzchos	0.5862	5.6204	13.32	21.040	2.326	16.3	2021/10/13	2034
P/2021 R5	Rankin	0.3076	4.7987	10.51	7.852	3.323	7.3	2022/01/11	2032
P/2021 R6	Groeller	0.5932	6.274	15.716	34.926	2.552	14.9	2021/10/31	2037
P/2021 U3	Attard-Maury	0.5500	4.193	8.587	69.966	1.887	16.8	2021/10/24	2030
P/2021 V3	PANSTARRS	0.2522	4.560	9.738	3.690	3.410	7.7	2012/11/24	2022