Ummu Kulsum binti Jarval
Ummu Kulsum binti Jarval (arabcha: أم كلثوم بنت جرول), Mulayka (arabcha: مليكة) nomi bilan ham tanilgan, xalifa Umarning xotini va Muhammadning sahobalaridan biri.
| Ummu Kulsum binti Jarval | |
|---|---|
| Tavalludi | |
| Vafoti | Hijoz, Arabiston |
| Turmush oʻrtogʻi | Umar |
| Bolalari | |
| Otasi | Jarval ibn Molik |
Hayoti
tahrirUmmu Kulsum binti Jarval Makkada Xuzoa qabilasida tugʻilgan. Otasining ismi Jarval ibn Molik[1]:204yoki oʻgʻlining ismi Amr ibn Jarval boʻlgan[2]:92.
Ummu Kulsum 616-yildan oldin Umar ibn al-Xattobga turmushga chiqqan[3]:92. Ularning Zayd va Ubaydulloh ismli ikki oʻgʻli boʻlgan. Umar Ummu Kulsum bilan bir vaqtning oʻzida Zaynab binti Maz’un va Qurayba binti Abu Umayyaga[4] ham uylangan boʻlib, Zaynabdan uch farzand koʻrgan boʻlsa[5]:204, Qurayba bilan nikohidan farzand dunyoga kelmagan. Umar 616-yilda islomni qabul qilgan[5]:207, garchi oʻsha paytda Ummu Kulsum va Qurayba hali ham mushrik boʻlsa-da[4] :510[6], butun oila 622-yilda Madinaga hijrat qilgan[4]:218.
628-yilda tuzilgan Hudaybiya shartnomasidan koʻp oʻtmay, Muhammad musulmonlarga kofir ayollarni nikohlarida ushlab turmasliklari vahiy qilinganini aytgan. Shu sababdan Umar Ummu Kulsum va Quraybani taloq qilgan va ikkalasi ham Makkaga qaytib kelgan[7]:204[8]:510[9].
Manbalarda Ummu Kulsumning Umardan keyin kimlar bilan nikohda boʻlgani aniq tartibda keltirilmagan. Makkaga qaytib, Abu Jahm ibn Huzayfaga 630-yilning yanvaridan oldin, yaʼni ikkovlari ham mushrik boʻlgan vaqtda turmushga chiqqan[10]:92. Abu Jahm ham xuddi Umar kabi Qurayshning Banu Adiy qabilasidan boʻlgan[11]:510. U jamiyatda ayollarga zoʻravonlik koʻrsatgan inson sifatida tanilgan[12][13]:192[14][15].
Ummu Kulsum Abu Jahm bilan bilan nikohidan oldin yoki keyin Juma urugʻidan boʻlgan Safvon ibn Umayya bilan oila qurgan[16]:92. Safvon Muhammadga qarshi Quraysh muxolifatida yetakchi shaxs boʻlgan[17]:318–319, 370[18][19]. Makka fath qilinganidan keyin islomni qabul qilib, musulmon boʻlgan[16]:185, biroq Makkada yashashni davom ettirgan[20].
Manbalar
tahrir- ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul waʼl-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1998). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul waʼl-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1998). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ↑ Bukhari 3:50:891.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Bukhari 3:50:891.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul waʼl-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1998). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Muslim 9:3526.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ↑ Muslim 9:3512.
- ↑ Nasaʼi 4:26:3247.
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul waʼl-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1998). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. Kitab al-Maghazi. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. K. (2011). The Life of Muhammad, pp. 217, 284-286, 295. London & New York: Routledge.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul waʼl-Muluk. Translated by McDonald, M. V., & annotated by Watt, W. M. (1987). Volume 7: The Foundation of the Community, pp. 78-80, 106. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarik al-Rusual waʼl-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophetʼs Companions and Their Successors, p. 81. Albany: State University of New York Press.