Vikinglar
Vikinglar (qadimgi skandinavcha: víkingr — „qaroqchi“[1]) — VIII asr oxiri — XI asr oʻrtalarida Yevropa mamlakatlariga dengiz yoʻli orqali savdo-sotiq uchun borgan, qaroqchilik va bosqinchilik yurishlari qilgan skandinavlar[2][3][4] Rusda ularni varyaglar, Gʻarbiy Yevropada normandlar deb atashgan. IX asrda vikinglar Shimoli-Sharqiy Angliyani, X asrda esa Shimoliy Fransiyani bosib olishgan. Vikinglar Shimoliy Amerikaga qadar yetib borishgan.
Manbalar
tahrir- ↑ Whitelock, Dorothy. Sweetʼs Anglo-Saxon Reader, OUP 1967, a. 392
- ↑ „Viking“. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. — „Viking, also called Norseman or Northman, member of the Scandinavian seafaring warriors who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the 9th to the 11th century and whose disruptive influence profoundly affected European history. These pagan Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish warriors were...“. 5-may 2019-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 30-sentabr 2018-yil.
- ↑ Linton, Michael I. A.; Nokkentved, Christian „Denmark: The Viking Era“. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. — „Viking society, which had developed by the 9th century, included the peoples that lived in what are now Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and, from the 10th century, Iceland“. 30-sentabr 2018-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 30-sentabr 2018-yil.
- ↑ Roesdahl, s. 9-22.
Adabiyotlar
tahrir- OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
- Askeberg, Fritz. Norden och kontinenten i gammal tid: studier i forngermansk kulturhistoria. Almqvist & Wiksells boktr., 1944.
- Blanck, Dag. „The Transnational Viking: The Role of the Viking in Sweden, the United States, and Swedish America.“ Journal of Transnational American Studies 7.1 (2016). online
Oʻqish uchun
tahrir- Downham, Clare. Viking kings of Britain and Ireland: the dynasty of ́Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Dunedin Academic Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1903765890.
- Downham, Clare (2011). „Viking Ethnicities. A Historiographic Overview“, History Compass 10.1 (2012), pp. 1–12. PDF Academic.edu Andoza:Registration
- Hadley, Dawn. The Vikings in England: Settlement, Society and Culture. Manchester University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0719059827.
- Heide, Eldar „Víking – 'rower shifting'? An etymological contribution“, . Arkiv för nordisk filologi. C.W.K. Gleerup, 2005 — 41–54-bet.
- Heide, Eldar „Viking, week, and Widsith. A reply to Harald Bjorvand“, . Arkiv för nordisk filologi. C.W.K. Gleerup, 2008 — 23–28-bet.
- Hodges, Richard. Goodbye to the Vikings: Re-Reading Early Medieval Archaeology. Gerald Duckworth & Company Limited, 2006. ISBN 978-0715634295.
- Svanberg, Fredrik. Decolonizing the Viking Age. Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2003. ISBN 978-9122020066.
- Wamers, Egon. Insularer Metallschmuck in wikingerzeitlichen Gräbern Nordeuropas. Untersuchungen zur skandinavischen Westexpansion. Neumünster: Karl Wachholtz, 1985. ISBN 978-3529011566.
- Wamers, Egon „Insular Finds in Viking Age Scandinavia and the State Formation of Norway“, . Ireland and Scandinavia in the Early Viking Age. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998 — 37–72-bet. ISBN 978-1851822355.
- Wawn, M.A.. The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in Nineteenth Century Britain. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2000. ISBN 978-0859916448.
Havolalar
tahrir |
Vikiomborda Vikinglar haqida turkum mavjud |
- Vikinglar (ingl.)
- BBC: Vikinglar tarixi (ingl.)
- Borg Viking muszeyi, Norvegiya (ingl.)
 | Bu andozani aniqrogʻiga almashtirish kerak. |