30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)

30 sm Pufak Kamerasi (prototipi 10 sm Pufak kamerasi) CERN da yuqori energiya fizikasini oʻrganish uchun ishlatiladigan zarrachalar detektori edi.

Pufak kameralari Wilson kameralariga oʻxshaydi, ham qoʻllanilish jihatdan, ham ishlash prinsipi jihatidan. Kamera odatda katta silindrni qaynash nuqtasi ostida qizdirilgan suyuqlik bilan toʻldirish orqali amalga oshiriladi. Zarrachalar kameraga kirganda, porshen birdan bosimini pasaytiradi va suyuqlik oʻta qizib ketgan, metastabil fazaga kiradi. Kamera ichida harakat qilayotgan zaryadlangan zarralar ionlanish yoʻlini hosil qiladi. Natijada uning atrofida suyuqlik bugʻlanadi va mikroskopik pufakchalar hosil qiladi. Yoʻl atrofidagi pufakchalar zichligi zarrachaning energiya yoʻqotilishiga proporsionaldir. Pufakchalar kameraning kengayishi bilan koʻrish yoki suratga olish uchun yetarlicha katta boʻlgunga qadar kattalashadi. Uning atrofida bir nechta kameralar oʻrnatilgan boʻlib, ular hodisaning uch oʻlchamli tasvirini olish imkonini beradi.

Prototip

Kosmik nurli yomgʻirlarda Strange zarrachalar topilgandan soʻng va ogʻir mezonlarning katta spektri isbotlangandan soʻng^[1], Cherles Peyrou suyuq vodorod pufak kamerasi qurilishini boshladi. Prototipi, 10 sm Pufak kamerasi, birinchi marta 1957-yilda qurilgan; bu jamoaga pufak kameralarining funksionalligini sinab koʻrish va oʻrganish imkonini beruvchi oʻquv jarayoni sifatida qaraldi^[2]. Bundan tashqari, kamera osongina modifikatsiya qilinishi mumkin edi va magnit maydonga ega emas edi.

Prototip bosqichida olingan tajriba jamoaga 30 sm Pufak Kamerasini yaratishga imkon berdi. Kamera silindrsimon boʻlib, umumiy hajmi 12,5 litr, kengayishni nazorat qilish uchun porshen va 1,5 Tl magnit maydon hosil qiluvchi gʻaltak oʻrnatilgan^[3]^[4]. Prototip sifatida 30 sm Pufak Kamerasi yoʻllarning buzilishi va ionlanishini tizimli oʻlchash, suyuq vodorodning toʻxtash kuchi, kameradagi pufakchalar hajmi va oʻsishini oʻrganish imkonini berdi^[5]. Xususan, tozalangan nurda oʻrta va past energiyada tajribalar uchun juda foydali boʻldi.

Faoliyati

1959-yilda u Sinxro-Siklotronga (SC) joylashtirildi, u yerda u birinchi marta 265 va 330 MeV kuchlanishli $\pi ^{+}$ mezonlarning nurlariga taʼsir qildi^[6]. Keyinchalik kamera proton sinxrotronidan (PS) 16 GeV/c $\pi ^{-}$ nur oldi, bu $\pi ^{-}$ proton oʻzaro taʼsirida pion hosil boʻlishini oʻrganish hamda strange zarrachalarni ishlab chiqarish imkonini berdi^[7]. Ikki proton oʻrtasidagi oʻzaro taʼsirni oʻrganish boʻyicha tajribalar ham 24 GeV/c da oʻtkazildi. Ushbu murakkab oʻzaro taʼsirlarni tahlil qilish uchun Charles Peyrou „Peyrou syujeti“ va „asosiy oʻq“ kabi yangi usullarni ishlab chiqdi^[3].

Olingan fotosuratlar 30 sm Pufak Kmaerasi kichik oʻlchamlariga qaramay uning ajoyib sifatini isbotladi. 1962-yilda kamera oʻz faoliyatini toʻxtatdi va uch yillik faoliyati davomida 150 km fotoplyonkada suratlar oldi^[4]^[8]. 1965-yilda 30 sm Pufak kamerasi Frascati Milliy laboratoriyaga berildi.

Yana qarang

Manbalar

↑ Montanet, Lucien (1 June 2003). "Charles Peyrou and his impact on physics". CERN Courier (IOP Publishing) 43 (5): 25–28. http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28868. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]
↑ Laura Weiss (November 1988). Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERN's First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers (Report). CERN. pp. 27–33. https://cds.cern.ch/record/194093/files/CERN-CH-26.pdf. Qaraldi: 4 July 2016.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Montanet, Lucien (1 June 2003). "Charles Peyrou and his impact on physics". CERN Courier (IOP Publishing) 43 (5): 25–28. http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28868. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]Montanet, Lucien (1 June 2003). „Charles Peyrou and his impact on physics“. CERN Courier. IOP Publishing. 43 (5): 25-28. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Laura Weiss (November 1988). Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERN's First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers (Report). CERN. pp. 27–33. https://cds.cern.ch/record/194093/files/CERN-CH-26.pdf. Qaraldi: 4 July 2016. Laura Weiss (November 1988). Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERNʼs First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers (PDF) (Report). CERN. pp. 27-33. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
↑ "Proton Synchrotron". Annual Report (CERN) (1959): 47–48. 1960. https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479637/files/1959_E_p29.pdf. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]
↑ "Proton Synchrotron". Annual Report (CERN) (1959): 47–48. 1960. https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479637/files/1959_E_p29.pdf. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]„Proton Synchrotron“ (PDF). Annual Report. CERN (1959): 47-48. 1960. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
↑ "Proton Synchrotron". Annual Report (CERN) (1960): 48–49. 1961. https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479648/files/1960_E_p33.pdf. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]
↑ "Postcards from CERN: 50 years through a lens". CERN Courier (IOP Publishing) 44 (8): 36. 4 October 2004. http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29171. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]

[1] Montanet, Lucien (1 June 2003). "Charles Peyrou and his impact on physics". CERN Courier (IOP Publishing) 43 (5): 25–28. http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28868. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]

[2] Laura Weiss (November 1988). Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERN's First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers (Report). CERN. pp. 27–33. https://cds.cern.ch/record/194093/files/CERN-CH-26.pdf. Qaraldi: 4 July 2016.

[peyrou-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Montanet, Lucien (1 June 2003). "Charles Peyrou and his impact on physics". CERN Courier (IOP Publishing) 43 (5): 25–28. http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28868. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]Montanet, Lucien (1 June 2003). „Charles Peyrou and his impact on physics“. CERN Courier. IOP Publishing. 43 (5): 25-28. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

[chamber-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Laura Weiss (November 1988). Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERN's First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers (Report). CERN. pp. 27–33. https://cds.cern.ch/record/194093/files/CERN-CH-26.pdf. Qaraldi: 4 July 2016. Laura Weiss (November 1988). Studies in CERN History: The construction of CERNʼs First Hydrogen Bubble Chambers (PDF) (Report). CERN. pp. 27-33. Retrieved 4 July 2016.

[5] "Proton Synchrotron". Annual Report (CERN) (1959): 47–48. 1960. https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479637/files/1959_E_p29.pdf. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]

[annual59-6] "Proton Synchrotron". Annual Report (CERN) (1959): 47–48. 1960. https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479637/files/1959_E_p29.pdf. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]„Proton Synchrotron“ (PDF). Annual Report. CERN (1959): 47-48. 1960. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

[annual60-7] "Proton Synchrotron". Annual Report (CERN) (1960): 48–49. 1961. https://cds.cern.ch/record/1479648/files/1960_E_p33.pdf. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]

[8] "Postcards from CERN: 50 years through a lens". CERN Courier (IOP Publishing) 44 (8): 36. 4 October 2004. http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29171. Qaraldi: 14 July 2016. 30 sm pufak kamerasi (CERN)]]

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