Nikolay Lobachevskiy
Lobachevskiy Nikolay Ivanovich (1-dekabr 1792-yil[2][3] — 24-fevral 1856-yil) — rus matematigi va geometriyachisi. Lobachevskiy geometriyasi, Lobachevskiy integral formulasi boʻyicha ishlari bilan tanilgan.
| Nikolay Lobachevskiy | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tavalludi |
1-dekabr 1792-yil Nijniy Novgorod (hozirgi Nijniy Novgorod viloyati, Rossiya) |
| Vafoti |
24-fevral 1856-yil (63 yoshda) Qozon, Qozon gubernatorligi, Rossiya imperiyasi |
| Fuqaroligi | Rossiya imperiyasi |
| Sohasi | Geometriya |
| Akademik rahbarlari | J. C. M. Bartels[1] |
| Mashhur shogirdlari | Nikolai Brashman |
William Kingdon Clifford Lobachevskiyni asarining inqilobiy xarakteridan kelib chiqib, „Geometriyaning Kopernigi“ deb atagan[4][5].
Hayoti
tahrirNikolay Lobachevskiy 1792-yilda Rossiya imperiyasining Nijniy Novgorod shahrida yoki unga yaqin joyda (hozirgi Nijniy Novgorod viloyati, Rossiya) tugʻilgan. Ota-onasi rus va polshalik — Ivan Maksimovich Lobachevskiy va Praskoviya Aleksandrovna Lobachevskaya[6][7][8]. Nikolay uchta farzandning biri boʻlgan. Yetti yoshga toʻlganda otasi vafot etgandan keyin ular oilasi bilan Qozonga koʻchib oʻtgan. Lobachevskiy 1802-1807-yillarda Qozon gimnaziyasida oʻqigan. 1807-yil Qozon universitetiga[6][7] imtiyoz asosida oʻqishga qabul qilingan. 1811-yil Qozon universitetini tugatgach, shu universitetda oʻqituvchi, professor (1816), fakultet dekani (1820-26), rektor (1827-46) boʻlib ishlagan.
Lobachevskiy Yevklid geometriyasi parallellik aksiomasi oʻrniga boshqa aksioma kiritib, ziddiyatdan xoli mukammal geometriya — noyevklid geometriyani yaratgan. Qozon universitetida Lobachevskiynga Karl Gaussning oqʻituvchisi va doʻsti Johann Christian Martin Bartels taʼsir oʻtkazgan[6]. 1811-Lobachevskiy fizika boʻyicha magistr darajasini olgan. 1822-yilda, yaʼni 30 yoshida toʻliq professor etib tayinlangan va matematika, fizika va astronomiyadan saboq bergan.
Lobachevskiy algebraik tenglamalarni taqribiy yechish usuli, matematik analiz funksiyasining mukammal taʼrifi, qatorlarning yaqinlashish alomati, ehtimollar nazariyasi, mexanika va boshqa sohalarga muhim hissa qoʻshgan. Lobachevskiy moddiy qiyinchilik va xastaligiga qaramay, umrining oxirigacha ilmiy faoliyatini davom ettirgan. Lobachevskiy geometriyasining yaratilishi matematika taraqqiyotida katta voqea boʻlgan, tabiat haqidagi tasavvurlarni boyitgan.
Yana qarang
tahrirManbalar
tahrir- ↑ Athanase Papadopoulos (ed.), Nikolai I. Lobachevsky. Pangeometry, European Mathematical Society. 2010, p. 208.
- ↑ This is the date given by V. F. Kaganʼs 1957 book N. Lobachevsky and His Contribution to Science (first published in Russian in 1943), p. 26, and A. A. Andronov’s 1956 article „Gde i kogda rodilsya N. I. Lobachevskiy“ („Where and when was Lobachevsky born?“) (the latter gives 1 December [E.U. 20 November] 1792).
- ↑ Older sources in Russian—e.g., A. F. Popov, „Vospominaniya o slujbe i trudax prof. Kazanskogo universiteta N. I. Lobachevskogo“ („Memoirs of the Service and Work of N. I. Lobachevsky“), 1857—give 1793 rather than 1972, while the Dictionary of Scientific Biography (1970) gives December 2, 1792. Further information on Lobachevsky’s birthdate can be found in: Athanase Papadopoulos (ed.), Nikolai I. Lobachevsky. Pangeometry, European Mathematical Society. 2010, pp. 206-7.
- ↑ Bell, E. T.. Men of Mathematics. Touchstone Books, 1986 — 294-bet. ISBN 978-0-671-62818-5. Author attributes this quote to another mathematician, William Kingdon Clifford.
- ↑ This is a quote from G. B. Halsted's translator's preface to his 1914 translation of The Theory of Parallels: "What Vesalius was to Galen, what Copernicus was to Ptolemy that was Lobachevsky to Euclid." — W. K. Clifford
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Victor J. Katz. A history of mathematics: Introduction. Addison-Wesley. 2009. p. 842.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Stephen Hawking. God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs that Changed History. Running Press. 2007. pp. 697–703.
- ↑ Ivan Maksimovich Lobachevsky (Jan Łobaczewski in Polish) came from a Polish noble family of the Jastrzębiec and Łada coats-of-arms, and was classified as a Pole in Russian official documents; Jan Ciechanowicz. Mikołaj Łobaczewski - twórca pangeometrii. Rocznik Wschodni. Issue 7–9. 2002. p. 163.
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