Papa viloyati
Papa viloyati (lotincha: Status Ecclesiasticus, italyancha: Stato della Chiesa) — markaziy Italiyada mavjud boʻlgan teokratik davlat. Unga papalar — Rim-katolik cherkovining patriarxlari rahbarlik qilgan.
| Papa viloyati lotincha: Status Ecclesiasticus italyancha: Stato della Chiesa | |||||||||
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Madhiya
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| Poytaxti | Rim | ||||||||
| Til(lar)i | lotin tili, rim shevasi, romagnol dialekti, italyan tili | ||||||||
| Dini | katoliklik | ||||||||
| Pul birligi | papa skudosi (1866 yilgacha) papa lirasi (1866—1870) | ||||||||
| Maydoni | 41 407 км² (1859) | ||||||||
| Aholisi | 2 300 000 kishi (1800) 3 124 668 kishi[2] (1853) | ||||||||
| Boshqaruv shakli | mutlaq teokratik monarxiya | ||||||||
| - 752–757 | Stefan II (первый) | ||||||||
| - 1846–1878 | Pius IX (oxirgi) | ||||||||
| - 1551–1555 | Girolamo Dandini (birinchi) | ||||||||
| - 1848–1870 | Jakomo Antonelli (oxirgi) | ||||||||
| - 1847–1848 | Gabriele Ferretti (ilk) | ||||||||
| - 1848–1849 | Karlo Emanuele Mazzarelli (oxirgi) | ||||||||
| Tarix | |||||||||
| - 752 | taʼlim | ||||||||
| - 1798 | Fransiya tomonidan bosib olingan | ||||||||
| - 1860 | Risorjimento | ||||||||
| - 1870 | Italiyaga qoʻshilgan. | ||||||||
| - 1929 | Vatikan taʼlimi | ||||||||
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Adabiyotlar
tahrir- Chambers, D.S. 2006. Popes, Cardinals & War: The Military Church in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-178-8. [sic]
- De Cesare, Raffaele. The Last Days of Papal Rome. London: Archibald Constable & Co., 1909.
- De Grand, Alexander J.. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: The "fascist" Style of Rule. Psychology Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0415336314. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Domenico, Roy Palmer. The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. ISBN 978-0313307331. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Elm, Kaspar; Mixson, James D.. Religious Life between Jerusalem, the Desert, and the World: Selected Essays by Kaspar Elm. BRILL, 2015. ISBN 978-9004307780. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Fischer, Conan. Europe between Democracy and Dictatorship: 1900–1945. John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 978-1444351453. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Gross, Hanns. Rome in the Age of Enlightenment: The Post-Tridentine Syndrome and the Ancien Régime. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0521893787. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Hanlon, Gregory. The Twilight Of A Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts, 1560–1800. Routledge, 2008. ISBN 978-1135361433. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Hanson, Paul R.. Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution, 2nd, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015 — 252-bet. ISBN 978-0810878921. „Comtat Venaissin and Avignon were annexed by France.“
- Kleinhenz, Christopher. Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge, 2004. ISBN 978-1135948801. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Levillain, Philippe. The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0415922302. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Luther, Martin (1521). Passional Christi und Antichristi (Wayback Machine saytida 2020-09-05 sanasida arxivlangan). Reprinted in W.H.T. Dau (1921). At the Tribunal of Caesar: Leaves from the Story of Luther's Life. St. Louis: Concordia. (Google Books)
- Menache, Sophia. Clement V. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2003 — 142-bet. ISBN 978-0521521987. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Roessler, Shirley Elson; Miklos, Reny. Europe 1715–1919: From Enlightenment to World War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003. ISBN 978-0742568792. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Ruggiero, Guido. The Renaissance in Italy: A Social and Cultural History of the Rinascimento. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2014. ISBN 978-1316123270. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Spielvogel, Jackson J.. Western Civilization: A Brief History, 8th, Cengage Learning, 2013. ISBN 978-1133606765. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Treadgold, Warren T.. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0804726306. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Tucker, Spencer C.. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]. ABC-CLIO, 2009. ISBN 978-1851096725. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
- Waley, Daniel Philip (1966). Rearder, Harry. ed. A Short History of Italy: From Classical Times to Present Day. University Press. https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofit00hear. "1332 John XXII vicars."
- Watanabe, Morimichi. Nicholas of Cusa – A Companion to his Life and his Times. Ashgate Publishing, 2013. ISBN 978-1409482-536. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-noyabr.
Manbalar
tahrir- ↑ Inno
- ↑ Statistica della popolazione dello Stato pontificio dell'anno 1853. Ministero del commercio e lavori pubblici, 1857 — XXII-bet. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 1-mart. (Wayback Machine saytida 2018-03-02 sanasida arxivlangan)
Havolalar
tahrir |
Vikiomborda Papa viloyati haqida turkum mavjud |
- Papal States Coinage
- WHKMLA Historical atlas: here the page offering numerous links to maps of/containing Italy
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