Valkiriya

Valkiriyalar (halok boʻlgan jangchilarni tanlovchilar), Skandinav xalqlarining afsonalariga koʻra Odinning yordamchilaridir. Nayza va dubulgʻa bilan qurollangan Valkiriyalar goʻzal va bokira jangchi qiz koʻrinishida tasvirlanadi. Osmondan qanotli otlar yordamida yerga tushgan Valkiriyalarning asosiy vazifasi Einherjar deb nomlangan jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdir. Jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdan maqsad esa qiyomat (Ragnarok)dagi ulkan jang vaqtida Odin va Thorning yonida turib, qahramonlarcha jang qiladigan bahodir jangchilarni bir joyga yigʻish hisoblanadi.

Valhallaga olib kelinayotgan Einherjar Lorenz Frølich tomonidan chizilgan surat(1906)

"Brunnhilda". Gaston Bussière tomonidan chizilgan surat (1897)

Valkiriyalar. Muallif: Emil Doepler (1905)

Valkiriyalarning ismlari va yetakchisi

Valkiriyalarning yetakchisining ismi Brunhilda boʻlib, Odinga qarshi isyon qilganligi uchun jazolanadi. Uni Siegfried qutqarib olgunicha, olovli chambardan qilingan qafasning ichida, qattiq uyqu ostida ushlab turiladi. Nemis bastakori Richard Vagnerning „Die Walküre“ (Valkyries, 1856) nomli mashhur operasida ismlari sanab oʻtilgan asosiy Valkiriyalarning nomlari quyidagilardir: Brynhild, Göll, Göndul, Gudr, Gunn, Herfjoturr, Xildr, Hladgunnr, Hlokk, Hrist, Sigrdrifa, Sigrun va Swafa va boshqalar. Valkiriyalar baʼzan Odinning xabarchilari boʻlib xizmat qilishadi. Baʼzi manbalarda esa ularni dastlab rohiba boʻlgan deb qayd qilishadi. Manzum Eddaning „Grimismol“ sheʼrida esa quyidagi valkiriya nomlari keltirib oʻtiladi: Geironul (Nayza), Gol (Qichqiriq), Herfjotur (Zanjirlangan), Xildr (Jangchi), Mist (Tuman), Randgrith (qalqonli), Rathgrith (reja buzuvchi), Skeggjold (bolta), Skogul (gʻazab).

Brunhilda

Baʼzi manbalarda Odinning 9 qizidan biri ekanligi aytilgan Brunhilda, otasining dushmanlariga yordam berganligi uchun Hindarfjall togʻining choʻqqisidagi olovli chambar ichida qattiq uyquga ketadi. Brunhildaga berilgan jazo sehri unga uylanmoqchi boʻlgan kishi tomonidan olib tashlanishi mumkin edi. Ajdar Fafnirni oʻldirib, malika Brunhildani qutqarish uchun yoʻlga chiqqan Siegfried asli Volsung qabilasidan edi. Siegfried Brunhildaning dubulgʻasi va qoʻlidagi nayzasini olishi bilan sehr oʻz kuchini yoʻqotadi. Shundan soʻng ular turmush qurishadi. Ammo turmushlari baxtli yakun topmaydi. Yolgʻonlarga ishongan Brunhilda Siegfriedni oʻldirishda ishtirok etadi. Lekin tez orada aldanganini bilib qolgach, oʻz joniga qasd qiladi.

Tessa Thompson

Adabiyot va sanʼatdagi oʻrni

Nemis shoir va drammaturgi Emanuel von Hagen (1815-1884) 1858-yilda „Brunhild“ pyessasi orqali Brunhilda va Valkiriyalar nomini ommaga tanitadi. Shundan soʻng Richard Wagner „Der Ring des Nibelungen“ nomli operasi orqali Brunhildaning oʻz joniga qasd qilish jarayonini tasvirlab beradi. Marvel tomonidan suratga olingan „Thor: Ragnarok“(2017) filmida, Brunhilda rolini Tessa Thompson ijro etadi.

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