Ocimum tenuiflorum

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ilmiy tasniflash
	O‘simliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Asterids
	Lamiales
	Yalpizdoshlar
	Ocimum
	O. tenuiflorum
Binar nomi
	Ocimum tenuiflorum; ; L.
Sinonimlar
	Geniosporum tenuiflorum (L.) Merr. ; Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. ; Moschosma tenuiflorum (L.) Heynh. ; Ocimum anisodorum F.Muell. ; Ocimum caryophyllinum F.Muell. ; Ocimum hirsutum Benth. ; Ocimum inodorum Burm.f. ; Ocimum monachorum L. ; Ocimum sanctum L. ; Ocimum scutellarioides Willd. ex Benth. ; Ocimum subserratum B.Heyne ex Hook.f. ; Ocimum tomentosum Lam. ; Ocimum villosum Roxb. ; Plectranthus monachorum (L.) Spreng. ;

Ocimum tenuiflorum, odatda muqaddas rayhon, tulsi yoki tulasi nomi bilan tanilgan, yalpizdoshlar oilasiga mansub koʻp yillik oʻsimlik. Uning vatani Hindiston yarim oroli va janubi-sharqiy Osiyo tropiklarida madaniy oʻsimlik sifatida keng tarqalgan^[1]^[2].

Tulsi diniy va anʼanaviy tibbiyotda, qo‘llash shuningdek, efir moyi uchun yetishtiriladi.

Morfologiya

Gullar

Kattalashtirilgan barg

Muqaddas rayhon — tik, koʻp shoxli past bo‘yli buta, bo‘yi 30–60 cm (12–24 in) gacha yetadi. Barglari yashil yoki binafsha rangga ega. Binafsha rangli gullar, uzun boʻyli choʻzilgan pogʻonalarga yaqin boʻlaklarga joylashgan^[3].

Hindiston va Nepalda yetishtiriladigan uchta asosiy morfotiplar: Ram tulsi (eng keng tarqalgan turi, keng och yashil barglari biroz shirin), kamroq tarqalgan binafsharang yashil bargli (Krishna yoki Shyam tulsi) va oddiy yovvoyi vana tulsi^[4].

Kelib chiqishi va tarqalishi

Xloroplast genomlari ketma-ketligidan foydalangan holda olib borilgan keng koʻlamli filogeografik tadqiqotda Panjob markaziy universitetining Bathinda tadqiqotchilari guruhi bu oʻsimlikning Shimoliy-Markaziy Hindistondan kelib chiqishini aniqladilar^[5].

Bu rayhon kosmopolit turga aylangan^[6]^[7].

Kimyoviy tarkibi

Tulsining fitokimyoviy tarkibiy qismlariga oleanolik kislota, ursolat kislotasi, rosmarin kislotasi, evgenol, karvakrol, linalool va b-karyofilin (taxminan 8%) kiradi^[8].

Tulsi efir moyi asosan evgenol (70%) b-elemen (11,0%), b-karyofilin (8%) va germakren (~ 2%) dan iborat^[9].

Foydalanish

Tulsi (Sanskrit: Surasa) Ayurveda va Sidda amaliyotlarida kasalliklarni davolash uchun ishlatilgan^[10]^[11].

Nematisidal

Efir moyi Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Meloidogyne javanica, Anguina tritici va Heterodera cajani ga qarshi nematisidal ta‘sir qilishi mumkin^[12].

Hinduizmdagi ahamiyati

Tulsi hindular, xususan, Vaishnavitlar sektasi uchun muqaddas oʻsimlikdir. Uhind uylari yoki Hanuman ibodatxonalari hovlilariga ekiladi^[13]^[14]^[15].

Har oqshom bengal hindulari tulsi oʻsimliklari oldiga sopol lampalar qoʻyadilar. Assamda nishonlanadigan Kati Bihu festivali paytida odamlar uy tulsi oʻsimliklari yonida sopol lampalar (diya) yoqadilar va ibodat qilishadi^[16]

Galereya

Dekan yassitog‘ligi, Hindiston
Barglar va gullar
Uy bogʻida
Barglar
Gullash
Gul
Gullar
Hovlida har kuni ibodat qilish uchun o‘stirilgan tulsi oʻsimligi
Oʻsimlik butasi
Tunda

Manbalar

↑ Staples, George. Ethnic Culinary Herbs. University of Hawaii Press, 1999 — 73-bet. ISBN 978-0-8248-2094-7.
↑ Warrier, P K. Indian Medicinal Plants. Orient Longman, 1995 — 168-bet. ISBN 978-0-86311-551-6.
↑ Warrier, P K. Indian Medicinal Plants. Orient Longman, 1995 — 168-bet. ISBN 978-0-86311-551-6.
↑ Kothari, S. K.; Bhattacharya, A. K.; Ramesh, S.; Garg, S. N.; Khanuja, S. P. S. (November–December 2005). "Volatile Constituents in Oil from Different Plant Parts of Methyl Eugenol-Rich Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f. (syn. O. sanctum L.) Grown in South India". Journal of Essential Oil Research 17 (6): 656–658. doi:10.1080/10412905.2005.9699025.
↑ Bast, Felix; Pooja Rani; Devendra Meena (2014). "Chloroplast DNA Phylogeography of Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) in Indian Subcontinent". The Scientific World Journal 70 (3): 277–85. doi:10.1155/2014/847482. PMID 847482. PMC 3910118. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3910118.
↑ „Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) - CABI Invasive Species Compendium“.
↑ „ITIS Standard Report Page: Ocimum tenuiflorum“.
↑ Sundaram, R. Shanmuga; Ramanathan, M; Rajesh, R; Satheesh, B; Saravanan, D (2012). "Lc-Ms Quantification of Rosmarinic Acid and Ursolic Acid in Theocimum Sanctumlinn. Leaf Extract (Holy Basil, Tulsi)". Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 35 (5): 634. doi:10.1080/10826076.2011.606583.
↑ Padalia, Rajendra C.; Verma, Ram S. (2011). "Comparative volatile oil composition of four Ocimum species from northern India". Natural Product Research 25 (6): 569–575. doi:10.1080/14786419.2010.482936. PMID 21409717.
↑ NIIR Board, National Institute of Industrial Research (India). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, 2004. National Institute of Industrial Research, 2004 — 320-bet. ISBN 978-81-86623-80-0.
↑ Lesley Braun. Herbs and Natural Supplements, Volume 2: An Evidence-Based Guide. Elsevier Health Sciences, 30 March 2015 — 996-bet. ISBN 978-0-7295-8173-8.
↑ Chitwood, David J. (2002). "Phytochemical Based Strategies for Nematode Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology (Annual Reviews) 40 (1): 221–249. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.032602.130045. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 12147760.
↑ Simoons, Frederick J.. Plants of life, plants of death. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1998 — 7–40-bet. ISBN 978-0-299-15904-7.
↑ Flood, Gavin D.. The Blackwell companion to Hinduism. Wiley-Blackwell, 2001 — 331-bet. ISBN 978-0-631-21535-6.
↑ Wilkins, W.J.. Hindu Mythology. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2003 — 471-bet. ISBN 978-81-246-0234-8.
↑ ANI. „Kati Bihu celebrated in Assam“ (en). BW Businessworld. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 9-iyun.

[Staples1999-1] Staples, George. Ethnic Culinary Herbs. University of Hawaii Press, 1999 — 73-bet. ISBN 978-0-8248-2094-7.

[2] Warrier, P K. Indian Medicinal Plants. Orient Longman, 1995 — 168-bet. ISBN 978-0-86311-551-6.

[warrier-3] Warrier, P K. Indian Medicinal Plants. Orient Longman, 1995 — 168-bet. ISBN 978-0-86311-551-6.

[bio-4] Kothari, S. K.; Bhattacharya, A. K.; Ramesh, S.; Garg, S. N.; Khanuja, S. P. S. (November–December 2005). "Volatile Constituents in Oil from Different Plant Parts of Methyl Eugenol-Rich Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f. (syn. O. sanctum L.) Grown in South India". Journal of Essential Oil Research 17 (6): 656–658. doi:10.1080/10412905.2005.9699025.

[5] Bast, Felix; Pooja Rani; Devendra Meena (2014). "Chloroplast DNA Phylogeography of Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) in Indian Subcontinent". The Scientific World Journal 70 (3): 277–85. doi:10.1155/2014/847482. PMID 847482. PMC 3910118. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3910118.

[CABI-ISC-6] „Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) - CABI Invasive Species Compendium“.

[ITIS_Standard_Report_Page:_Ocimum_tenuiflorum-7] „ITIS Standard Report Page: Ocimum tenuiflorum“.

[8] Sundaram, R. Shanmuga; Ramanathan, M; Rajesh, R; Satheesh, B; Saravanan, D (2012). "Lc-Ms Quantification of Rosmarinic Acid and Ursolic Acid in Theocimum Sanctumlinn. Leaf Extract (Holy Basil, Tulsi)". Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 35 (5): 634. doi:10.1080/10826076.2011.606583.

[9] Padalia, Rajendra C.; Verma, Ram S. (2011). "Comparative volatile oil composition of four Ocimum species from northern India". Natural Product Research 25 (6): 569–575. doi:10.1080/14786419.2010.482936. PMID 21409717.

[10] NIIR Board, National Institute of Industrial Research (India). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, 2004. National Institute of Industrial Research, 2004 — 320-bet. ISBN 978-81-86623-80-0.

[BraunCohen2015-11] Lesley Braun. Herbs and Natural Supplements, Volume 2: An Evidence-Based Guide. Elsevier Health Sciences, 30 March 2015 — 996-bet. ISBN 978-0-7295-8173-8.

[Chitwood-2002-12] Chitwood, David J. (2002). "Phytochemical Based Strategies for Nematode Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology (Annual Reviews) 40 (1): 221–249. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.032602.130045. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 12147760.

[Simoons-13] Simoons, Frederick J.. Plants of life, plants of death. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1998 — 7–40-bet. ISBN 978-0-299-15904-7.

[Flood2003-14] Flood, Gavin D.. The Blackwell companion to Hinduism. Wiley-Blackwell, 2001 — 331-bet. ISBN 978-0-631-21535-6.

[15] Wilkins, W.J.. Hindu Mythology. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2003 — 471-bet. ISBN 978-81-246-0234-8.

[16] ANI. „Kati Bihu celebrated in Assam“ (en). BW Businessworld. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 9-iyun.

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Ocimum tenuiflorum

Ilmiy tasniflash
	O‘simliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Asterids
	Lamiales
	Yalpizdoshlar
	Ocimum
	O. tenuiflorum
Binar nomi
*Ocimum tenuiflorum* L.
Sinonimlar
Geniosporum tenuiflorum (L.) Merr. Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. Moschosma tenuiflorum (L.) Heynh. Ocimum anisodorum F.Muell. Ocimum caryophyllinum F.Muell. Ocimum hirsutum Benth. Ocimum inodorum Burm.f. Ocimum monachorum L. Ocimum sanctum L. Ocimum scutellarioides Willd. ex Benth. Ocimum subserratum B.Heyne ex Hook.f. Ocimum tomentosum Lam. Ocimum villosum Roxb. Plectranthus monachorum (L.) Spreng.